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71.
在古代中国,“力”字和“力学”一词早就出现了。“力”的含义最初是对“人的力量”的直观描述,后来发展到对一般物体的重力的描述,再到对运动状态原因的描述。本文对“力”字含义的变迁进行了辨析。中国现代“力学”是西学东渐的结果,学科名字的确定过程也有不小的 曲折。通过分析确定“力学”为学科名字的过程,揭示了中国古人对“力学”学科理解的变迁。 相似文献
72.
STUDIES OF MELNIKOV METHOD AND TRANSVERSAL HOMOCLINIC ORBITS IN THE CIRCULAR PLANAR RESTRICTED THREE-BODY PROBLEM 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
STUDIES OF MELNIKOV METHOD AND TRANSVERSAL HOMOCLINIC ORBITS IN THE CIRCULAR PLANAR RESTRICTED THREE-BODY PROBLEMZhuRuzeng(朱如... 相似文献
73.
从实用角度出发,应用优化技术,确定船舶斜浪中的平衡浮
态,在传统方法基础上更接近实际状态. 提出了一种船舶斜置于波
浪上的外力计算方法,编制了计算机程序. 另外,特别针对大开口
船舶其剖面扭心在基线以下的特点,计及了左右舷不对称横向力对
扭矩的贡献. 相似文献
74.
The paper is concerned with a formulation of anisotropic finite strain inelasticity based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient F=FeFp. A major feature of the theory is its invariance with respect to rotations superimposed on the inelastic part of the deformation gradient. The paper motivates and shows how such an invariance can be achieved. At the heart of the formulation is the mixed-variant transformation of the structural tensor, defined as the tensor product of the privileged directions of the material as given in a reference configuration, under the action of Fp. Issues related to the plastic material spin are discussed in detail. It is shown that, in contrast to the isotropic case, any flow function formulated purely in terms of stress quantities, necessarily exhibits a non-vanishing plastic material spin. The possible construction of spin-free rates is discussed as well, where it is shown that the flow rule must then depend not only on the stress but on the strain as well. 相似文献
75.
Dmitry A. Bratsun Alexej V. Zyuzgin Gennady F. Putin 《International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow》2003,24(6):835-852
We study both experimentally and numerically the convective flow in a tall vertical slot with differently heated walls. The flow is investigated for the fluid with the Prandtl number Pr=26, which is large enough to ensure the traveling waves as primary instability and small enough to prevent boundary layer convection. The flow evolution is determined on the base of the visual observations, power spectra and amplitude analysis. In the numerical simulations of two- and three-dimensional flows, we accept an assumption of an infinite fluid layer. The satisfactory agreement with experiment is observed, and the sequence of convection states is discovered. It starts with a plane-parallel flow as primary solution, which becomes unstable to two counter-propagating waves. It is followed by a tertiary three-dimensional flow in the form of wavy traveling waves. As the Grashof number is increased even further, a chaotically oscillating cellular pattern consisting of the pieces of broken waves arises. The formation of a structure in the form of the vertical rolls chaotically modulated along axes concludes this complicated picture. 相似文献
76.
S. V. Manuilovich 《Fluid Dynamics》2005,40(4):514-525
General laws of the processes of generation and amplification of secondary perturbations in oscillating viscous fluid flows are studied theoretically. The stability and receptivity are analyzed with reference to perturbations generated by fluctuations of the flow rate of Poiseuille flow induced by small two-dimensional roughnesses of the channel walls. It is shown that the presence of roughness leads to excitation in the flow of perturbations at all multiples of the main flow oscillation frequency. Using the Fourier transform along the streamwise coordinate, the problem of calculating the frequency harmonics is reduced to a system of equations of the Orr-Sommerfeld type interrelated via the oscillatory component of the main flow. On the basis of an investigation of the analytic properties of the Fourier-image it is shown that upstream and downstream of the roughness the perturbation can be represented in the form of a superposition of modes of the time-dependent Poiseuille flow. The modes are classified and their spectrum is calculated. The structure of the mean-square fluctuations generated by free perturbations is investigated. Examples of calculating the evolution of forced perturbations are given for cases in which the scattering of the oscillations of the main flow on the roughness leads to the generation of one or two modes growing downstream. 相似文献
77.
78.
Slobodan R. Sipcic 《Nonlinear dynamics》1990,1(3):243-264
The influence of maneuvering on the chaotic response of a fluttering buckled plate on an aircraft has been studied. The governing equations, derived using Lagrangian mechanics, include geometric non-linearities associated with the occurrence of tensile stresses, as well as coupling between the angular velocity of the maneuver and the elastic degrees of freedom. Numerical simulation for periodic and chaotic responses are conducted in order to analyze the influence of the pull-up maneuver on the dynamic behavior of the panel. Long-time histories phase-plane plots, and power spectra of the responses are presented. As the maneuver (load factor) increases, the system exhibits complicated dynamic behavior including a direct and inverse cascade of subharmonic bifurcations, intermittency, and chaos. Beside these classical routes of transition from a periodic state to chaos, our calculations suggest amplitude modulation as a possible new mode of transition to chaos. Consequently this research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms through which the transition between periodic and strange attractors occurs in, dissipative mechanical systems. In the case of a prescribed time dependent maneuver, a remarkable transition between the different types of limit cycles is presented.Nomenclature
a
plate length
-
a
r
u
r
/h
-
D
plate bending stiffness
-
E
modulus of elasticity
-
g
acceleration due to gravity
-
h
plate thickness
- j1,j2,j3
base vectors of the body frame of reference
-
K
spring constant
-
M
Mach number
-
n
1 + 0/g
-
N
1
applied in-plane force
-
p–p
aerodynamic pressure
- P
pa
4/Dh
-
q
0/2
-
Q
r
generalized Lagrangian forces
-
R
rotation matrix
-
R
4
N, a
2/D
-
t
time
-
kinetic energy
-
u
plate deflection
- u
displacement of the structure
-
u
r
modal amplitude
- v0
velocity
- x
coordinates in the inertial frame of reference
- z
coordinates in the body frame of reference
-
Ka/(Ka+Eh)
-
-
elastic energy
-
2qa
3/D
-
a/mh
-
Poisson's ratio
-
material coordinates
-
air density
- m
plate density
-
- r
prescribed functions
- r
sin(r z/a)
-
angular velocity
-
a/v0
-
skew-symmetric matrix form of the angular velocity 相似文献
79.
采用“基于角度度量的多变量回归方法”对维纶和腈纶混纺纤维各组分含量进行检测,并与直接用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对混和纤维的预测结果作对比。实验结果显示,PLS法对维纶和腈纶预测值与实际值的线性相关系数r均为0.9457,标准偏差为6.0906,均方根误差为6.9948。角度度量法对维纶预测值与实际值的线性相关系数r为0.9990,标准偏差为0.8929,均方根误差为2.1896;对腈纶预测值与实际值的线性相关系数r为0.9928,标准偏差为2.1896,均方根误差为3.9493。实验证明,角度度量法比PLS法更能准确表达定量关系,角度度量法可以显著降低分析操作对环境的要求,满足了近红外光谱在混纺纤维定量分析上的要求。 相似文献
80.
Yasin Ugur Kayran Dilsat Ozkan‐Ariksoysal Burcin Tezcanli Buket Kosova Mehmet Ozsoz 《Electroanalysis》2013,25(12):2668-2676
In this study, for the first time a model electrochemical kit was constructed for the detection of a functional polymorphism in catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT) gene which is important for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders as Alzheimer disease. The disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is designed as a “kit” and the probe DNA covered PGE can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from real samples based on the guanine oxidation signal even after 5 months of kit preparation (150 days durability).The detection limit (S/N=3) of the biosensor was calculated as 1.18 pmol of synthetic target sequence and 6.09×105 molecules of real samples in 30 min detection time. 相似文献